![]() If you upload an image or video, you must explain why it is relevant by posting a comment providing additional information that prompts discussion.ĭo not troll, insult, antagonize, or otherwise harass. Memes and similar content are not permitted. Image/Video posts should be on-topic and should promote discussion. If you are asking for advice on choosing classes or career prospects, please post in the stickied Career & Education Questions thread. Rule 4: No career or education related questions If you ask for help cheating, you will be banned. ![]() Do not ask or answer this type of question in /r/math. Homework problems, practice problems, and similar questions should be directed to /r/learnmath, /r/homeworkhelp or /r/cheatatmathhomework. This includes reference requests - also see our list of free online resources and recommended books. If you're asking for help learning/understanding something mathematical, post in the Quick Questions thread or /r/learnmath. Requests for calculation or estimation of real-world problems and values are best suited for the Quick Questions thread, /r/askmath or /r/theydidthemath. For example, if you think your question can be answered quickly, you should instead post it in the Quick Questions thread. Questions on /r/math should spark discussion. Rule 2: Questions should spark discussion Please avoid derailing such discussions into general political discussion, and report any comments that do so. In particular, any political discussion on /r/math should be directly related to mathematics - all threads and comments should be about concrete events and how they affect mathematics. It is not too far-fetched to argue that differential geometry should be in every mathematician's arsenal.All posts and comments should be directly related to mathematics, including topics related to the practice, profession and community of mathematics. The field has even found applications to group theory as in Gromov's work and to probability theory as in Diaconis's work. Differential geometry is also useful in topology, several complex variables, algebraic geometry, complex manifolds, and dynamical systems, among other fields. Over the past one hundred years, differential geometry has proven indispensable to an understanding of the physical world, in Einstein's general theory of relativity, in the theory of gravitation, in gauge theory, and now in string theory. It dates back to Newton and Leibniz in the seventeenth century, but it was not until the nineteenth century, with the work of Gauss on surfaces and Riemann on the curvature tensor, that differential geometry flourished and its modern foundation was laid. Additionally, in an attempt to make the exposition more self-contained, sections on algebraic constructions such as the tensor product and the exterior power are included.ĭifferential geometry, as its name implies, is the study of geometry using differential calculus. For the benefit of the reader and to establish common notations, Appendix A recalls the basics of manifold theory. Prerequisite material is contained in author's text An Introduction to Manifolds, and can be learned in one semester. A knowledge of de Rham cohomology is required for the last third of the text. ![]() After the first chapter, it becomes necessary to understand and manipulate differential forms. ![]() Initially, the prerequisites for the reader include a passing familiarity with manifolds. Exercises throughout the book test the reader’s understanding of the material and sometimes illustrate extensions of the theory. The exposition follows the historical development of the concepts of connection and curvature with the goal of explaining the Chern–Weil theory of characteristic classes on a principal bundle. Along the way we encounter some of the high points in the history of differential geometry, for example, Gauss' Theorema Egregium and the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. This text presents a graduate-level introduction to differential geometry for mathematics and physics students. ![]()
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